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DETAILS ITINERARY PACKAGES/DUE DATES TEAM COMPETITION INDV/SM GRP COMP SPECIALTY AWARDS FUN EVENTS/MIXERS USASF WORLDS PHOTO GALLERY RESULTS REGISTRATION COACH LOG IN
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UPA GLOSSARY OF TERMS AerialCartwheel or walkover executed without placing hands on the ground. Aerial cartwheelA skill that involves hip over head rotation, the person peforms a “Cartwheel” without allowing their hands to touch the performing surface. AKA No-Handed Cartwheel. Aerial FlipAerial (free from contact) hiP-over-head rotation Airborne Airborne
tumbling
skill ArabesqueThe body is supported on one leg while the other leg is fully extended to the back (straight). Assisted
Flipping
Mount Assisted TUMBLING Attitude
(expression) Attitude (position)A posing position on one leg with the other leg lifted either backward or forward while bent at the knee, at a 90 degree angle and tuned out. An extended stunt where a flyer has both feet together in the hand(s) of the base(s). Also referred to as a Cupie.
A jump turn. Taking off on the supporting leg while raising the opposite leg (working leg) in front of the body and around to turned out second position, then into a bent (tuck) position. The supporting leg comes up to a tuck jump position and doesn't switch position in the air. As the full turn is completed in the air, performer lands on the same supporting leg as in take off.
Hand and feet are in contact with the floor, the body is face up and the hips are pushed upward. Head is released and back is arched.
Gymnastics/tumbling skill. By jumping backward off of two feet, both hands then push off the ground, the body does a full rotation and both feet return to surface.
person in the back of stunt and is mainly responsible for protecting head and shoulder of top during a controlled dismount or fall. The person(s) that holds, lifts or tosses a top person into a stunt.
Gymnastics/tumbling skill. Performed by jumping backward off of both feet, a full head over feet rotation is done without touching hands to the surface. Back
Walkover BackWARD ROLL A change in balance from the ball of one foot to the ball of the other foot.
See Log Roll.
A person with at least one foot
on the floor who is in direct weight-bearing contact with the
performing surface and provides primary support for another person.
A toss with multiple bases, 2 of which have their hands interlocked.
The action of the working leg, when it is brought from the floor into the air and is returned to the floor; a straight leg kick.
In reference to the increased height created when a person uses their hand(s) and upper body strength to push off the performing surface during a tumbling skill.
A physical connection that helps to provide stability to a top person. A top person’s hair and/or uniform is not an appropriate or legal body part to use while bracing a pyramid or pyramid transition.
A stunt in which a top person performs a hip over head rotation while in constant physical contact with another top person(s).
“A form of urban dance involving styles such as rocking, popping, and b-boying, usually performed to funk. Also called break dancing.” quoted from www.yourdictionary.com
A jump with a plie prep. Back is arched, head is back and legs are in double attitude. Usually arms and hands are pushing back.
A stag leap coming out of a chaine turn.
Means to arch. When a person bends from the waist front, back or sideways.
Gymnastics/tumbling skill. Stepping off of one foot at a time, followed by each hand making contact with the surface, one by one the feet return to the floor and the performer returns to an upright position.
A jump-turn (a pas de chat while turning). Taking off on one leg while the opposite knee is bent up while in the air then switches so the other knee is in the bent position. At the completion of the full turn in the air, then the performer lands on the opposite foot that was originally used for the take off.
A person(s) who is responsible
for the safe landing of a flyer from a stunt.
Horizontally 'split' on the floor in a sitting position where both legs extend out to the sides – Chinese Splits
A two- step, rapid turn. A series of turns performed in releve.
A partner stunt where the base is holding a partner in a sitting position on their hand(s).
A sliding step. Stepping with one foot followed by the other quickly taking the original's place. Can be used as a transition step. Feet should beat in the air.
Physical contact between two or more individuals performing tumbling skills simultaneously. Exception: a double cartwheel would be a defined as a stunt.
To tighten the abdominal muscles resulting in curving the spine. The performer uses this to make themselves into a smaller shape.
A placement at the neck of the foot. The position of the working foot is turned out on or around the ankle of the supporting leg.
Catcher(s), with palms up, catching a flyer by placing one arm under the back and the other under the thighs of the flyer. The flyer must land in a pike position.
A landing catch from a partner stunt in which the catcher has his/her palms up placing an arm under the back and the other under the thighs of the partner.
After the pop, the partner performs a skill before being caught. A full twist or toe touch are examples.
SEE AWESOME.
A partner stunt. The base(s) holds the partner away from the performing surface in a prone position.
A brushing of the foot along the floor until the foot leaves the ground and extends fully. Disengaged.
Developed (extend); an unfolding movement of the turned out working leg into an open (extended) position in the air.
A hanging pyramid. A shoulder stand as a base for two suspended partners . The two partners are held by the arms of a third partner.
When a flyer is tossed to a laid out X-position to the back of the base, through the bases legs and often transitions to a scooper.
The movement from a stunt of pyramid to a cradle or the performing surface. The movement from a cradle to the performing surface is not considered to be a dismount.
An aerial forward roll where the hands and feet are off of the performing surface simultaneously.
A partnered or paired cartwheel with hand/ankle or arm/thigh connection done simultaneously.
A jump. Taking off from both legs, keeping legs spread to a front and the other leg is bent (with shin facing front). The bent foot's toe is touching the straight leg; forming a '9' with the legs. Arms simulate the same position.
When an inverted flyers center of gravity is moving towards the performing surface. This occurs during a stunt or a pyramid.
When a persons center of gravity is moving towards the performing surface.
A type of inside turn. Usually in plie'/releve on the supporting leg while the working leg follows while physically dragging on the floor either to the side behind or diagonally back.
Dropping to the knee, thigh, seat, front, back or split position onto the performing surface from a jump, stand or inverted position without first bearing most of the weight on the hands/feet which breaks the impact of the drop.
A jump. Taking off from both legs, keeping legs spread to a straddle position with the top of the foot facing to the front; simulating a jumping jack in the air – Spread Eagle.
A stunt in which the supporting arm(s) hold the feet of the partner no higher than shoulder level. Does not require a spotter.
To turn inwards, towards the supporting leg.
To turn inwards, towards the supporting leg.
The beginning or mounting phase of a tumbling skill or stunt.
To perform what is required of a skill and/or movement. How a skill is created and performed or carried out in accordance with a category and technique.
The distance from the performing surface to the highest point of a base's fully extended arm, when the base is standing upright.
A top person supported by a base(s) with fully extended arms. Extended arms do not necessarily define an “extended stunt”. See Extended Stunt for further clarification.
The flyer has primary weight on one leg when in an extended stunt.
When the entire body of the flyer is extended in an upright position over the base(s). (Chairs, torches, flat backs, and straddle lifts are examples of stunts where the bases arms are extended overhead, but are NOT considered to be extended stunts since the height of the body of the top person is similar to the shoulder level stunt.)
An extended stunt in which the top is standing with both feet in the hands of the base(s). Each foot of the extended flyer must be supported by at least one hand that is not supporting the other foot. A stunt in which one hand supports both feet of a flyer is not considered an extension. See awesome. Extension Prep or Prep (or Half) When the flyer's being held at shoulder level by the base(s).
Extending leg from one side to another in a 'fanning' motion with height.
A stunt in which the flyer is lying horizontal face up and is usually supported by two or more bases and one continuous back spotter.
A bent position of the hand or foot.
Bringing leg up from the floor, leading with the knee, to the ceiling with a 'flicking' movement – Whip Kick
An aerial stunt involving hip over-head rotation.
When a flyer is tossed and rotates through and inverted position.
The person(s) on top of a stunt or toss. Also referred to as the top person or partner.
See Somersault.
A whipping round movement of the working leg. Bending the supporting leg while the working leg (extended leg) should pass through fourth position and circle leg around (rond de jambe into a passe position ending to front while turning. To repeat, extend working leg back out to second position. Turns should stay in a place and not move about the floor.
Bending the supporting leg at the start and working leg out to the second position. Keep working leg fully extending while turning. As body faces front, supporting leg bends (plies) and releves during each turn; gaining an extra momentum off from the plie' to keep moving as the working leg stays extended. The extended leg should stay turned out in second position and the body should not move about the floor.
Immediately prior to the stunt, the entry into a stunt where the top person passes through an inverted position without physical contact with a base, brace, or the performing surface.
Landing face down on the performing surface from an airborne position horizontally.
A tumbling skill where a person rotates forward through an inverted position to a non-inverted position by arching the legs and hips over the head and lands on the performing surface with both feet/legs at the same time.
Person who is in position to add additional strength to keep a stunt up or to add additional height to a toss. They are not involved in the cradling process.
A leap. Chasse' into the leap. This is followed by taking off from one leg facing the front, switching (scissor) the turned out leg in the air to (open) side position remain facing to the front.
The forward momentum generated by a tumbler used to perform a forward flip. Front
Walkover 360 degree rotation
A tumbling skill involving a horizontal rotation of the body, while also rotating head over feet. Also a cradle variation performed when the flyer turns a one full rotation before being caught by the base(s). A double full twist can also be performed by completing two full rotations.
A non-flipping skill (typically performed in a dismount or toss) in which one performs a 360 degrees turn before executing a toe touch.
A movement of extended (working) leg brushes the ground, through first position, into the air. Working leg is thrown from hip ( no jump or prep) into the air and brought down again, without changing the body placement to maximum height.
The front leg should leave the floor as in grand jete, hitting a full split in the air.
A locomotor step, often moving to the side. It typically includes 4 steps: Step out, cross the supporting leg in front or back, step out, touch/dig the supporting leg.
To be at the height of or supported by the performing surface.
Hand/Arm Connection
Handspring Handstand A pyramid in which one or more persons are suspended off the performing surface by one or more top persons. A “Hanging Pyramid” would be considered a 2 and ½ high pyramid due to the weight of the top person being borne at the second level. This would be illegal in levels 1-5. Head
Spin Headstand A flyer in a horizontal position is tossed, then rotates around a vertical axis (like helicopter blades) before being caught by the original bases.
A jump. Taking off from both legs. When up in air, one leg extends straight to the side while the other is towards the back and bent at the knee; either parallel or face to the front (turned out).
Beginning with a straight leg on the floor and extending leg up to maximum height to the ceiling without bending at the knees of either leg; performed center or off to the sides. – Scissor Kick.
Breaking at the knee of the working leg while leg is extended up towards the ceiling in a continuous motion. – French Kick. Hip
Over
Head
Rotation The weight begins on one leg in a bent position and quickly switches to a straight kick on the opposite leg without taking a prep in between motions. – Scissor Kick.
A pyramid in which two extended flyers place one foot on the hand of another flyer who is at elevator level or below. The mount can be done in a variety of ways, pushed up or hit from the ground up. The hitched leg can be to the inside or outside, and can be in a liberty variation.
When Kicking, person brings their leg into passe, this is also termed hook.
When the top person's head is below her/his waist. Arch-back dismounts to a cradle are NOT considered to be inverted.
A skill where a person becomes airborne by pushing off the performing surface with there legs and feet.
Type of trick in a toss that involves the straight ride to a kick with one leg and an arch out of the trick into the cradle position.
A skill often displayed in a toss which includes a kick and 720-degree twisting rotation.
A toss that involves a kick and a 360-degree rotation. Kip-Up Forcefully dropping to the knees without first bearing weight on the hands or feet.
When a person stretches their body into a straight, slightly arched position.
Similar to the Layout skill. However, the tumbler “scissors” their legs and lands with one foot before the other.
A leap (taking off) from one leg to another. Working leg is brushed through the air, forward and the other leg is extended back. Leap is performed forward, backward or to the side. – Jete.
A stunt where a flyer remains upright and in contact with a set of bases while transitioning from one set of bases to another or back to the original bases by going through the arms of a base. Second Level Leap Frog: Same as above but performed at any level above ground level.
A partner stunt. The base is holding the partner with hand(s) to foot contact; the other leg of the partner is at passe position or can be up in a scale (heel stretch) position – Liberty Heel Stretch.
Any position the flyer hits while the base(s) maintain contact with one foot. Heel stretch, arabesque, scorpion, torch or scale are examples. LiftS Lifting a straight leg from the floor to the ceiling without a prep
A style of movement often performed to funk or hip hop music, involves the dancer freezing or locking their muscles.
A flyer in a horizontal position is tossed, then rotates parallel to the performing surface (twists) before being caught by the original bases.
To have one leg bent and one leg
straight, can be performed to the front, back, or side. thigh stands
require the base(s) to be in a lunge position.
Any skill in which one or more persons are supported by one or more individuals.
A stunt having 2 or more bases not including the spot.
An individual stunt. The performer extends one leg vertically up while pulling their body towards the performing surface keeping their head below the hip – Panche.
Bases previously not in direct contact with the top person of a stunt.
The body is upright. The top person’s shoulders are at or above the waist.
A stunt where a base primarily supports the flyer with one arm, which is fully extended.
A tumbling skill where a person starts from a back hand-spring, performs a half twist to the hands, and ends in a front handspring step out.
A base which is in contact with the top person during the initiation of the stunt.
A stunt where the flyers brace each other in identical single-leg stunts.
A position where the feet, knees, and legs are facing straight ahead.
An individual on top of a partner stunt, mount or pyramid.
An individual on top of a partner stunt, mount or pyramid.
Any type of stunt that uses 2 individuals and of the two, one is using the other for support.
A series of three steps (Many variations). May be taken in any direction (i.e. back-side,-front, side-back-side, side-back-front, or back-side-side). Usually used as a transition step.
A movement of the leg through a position where the foot is pointed along the inside of the knee of the supporting leg (i.e. position of leg in a parallel pirouette turn).
A leaning or inclining of the body. (ex: penche' arabesque)
A turn where the supporting leg is straight, toes are just above the floor. Supporting leg can be in devant/front or a la seconde/second.
WHEN the top person falls away from the vertical axis (usually landing in a flat-bodied position) and is caught by additional bases.
A jump. Taking off with both legs and keeping the upper body straight out to the front, with the legs raising up to a parallel position with the floor.
A jump. Taking off with both legs and keeping the upper body straight while whipping both legs straight out to the front. Once height is attained, open to the second position (toe touch).
Stepping directly onto the supporting leg (demi-point) while the working leg is lifting into a variety of positions
Performing of a Pique' in passe/ while turning to the inside. Usually used as a transition step.
A turn. A particular way of turning on the supporting leg. The working leg is usually in passe or cou de pied (can be in attitude, arabesque or a la seconde (2nd position) and forth position).
The motion performed by the base when the flyer becomes free of contact from the base. This is a throwing motion which is used to increase the height of the flyer.
Executing a 1/2 turn. This is done by stepping out with working leg transferring all weight to this leg, 1/2 turn, weight is then transferred to the supporting leg. Because it is a 1/2 turn it can be performed front to back or side to side.
The bending of the knee or knees.
The foot, arch, ankle, and toes are stretched to a down position. Pony
Sit A movement used to increase the height of a flyer by the base(s).
Carriage of the arms.
The height of the bases hands and at least one foot of the flyer are at shoulder-level (also know as a shoulder-height)
Supporting a majority of the weight of the top person.
A succession of individuals or group movements where each sequence starts and ends at different times (overlapping movements) – Pick Up, Ripple, Chain, Peel Roll.
A face down, flat body position.
An object that can be manipulated.
A term which refers to the bounce off the performing surface when a person performs a tumbling skill that involves an airborne position without hip-over-head rotation.
A grouping of connected stunts. Individuals standing at ground level may be incorporated into the grouping.
See aerial. When the base(s) and top person become free of contact with each other.
Raised. A movement in which the body is raised up onto the ball of the foot and/or feet and toes.
Returning to the loading position with both feet of the top person in the hands of the bases.
Without cradling, the flyer is lowered to the surface, touches one foot to the floor and is pushed back up to another stunt. Only a one foot Reload.
Movements or motions that continuously follow one after another waiting a count or later (chain, peel off).
A jump turn. Taking two steps while rotating/ turning. When the second leg is finishing the rotation/ turn, the working leg extends up from the floor and around (rond de jambe, fan kick), while the supporting leg jumps in the air (leg could be straight or bent in). The turn may be finished by the working leg circling around turned out behind the supporting leg or may continue a complete turn in the air before landing.
A release move which is free flipping.
To circle the leg. Often on the floor or in the air the circular action of the leg from front, side, back, or back, side, front.
Gymnastic/tumbling skill. Rotation of the body stepping off of one foot and vaulting forward, placing both hands on the surface, followed by rotation of the hips, snapping the legs together and landing both feet at the same time, returning to an upright position. Ends facing the starting point, and leads in to back handsprings.
Tumbling that is performed with a running start and involves a punch, cartwheel, round off, round-off handspring, et, used to gain momentum as an entry to another skill.
A leap where the leg is developed through instead of brushed as in a grand jete.
To jump or jumping.
Elongated, balance moves (heel stretch, Y scale, split/needle scale). To rise and hold in a sustained position before moving to another position or step.
An entrance/transition skill into a stunt in which a person (usually a top person) passes between the legs and under the torso of another person (usually a base).
A liberty variation. On one leg, the flyer holds their other leg above their head, having pulled it up from a liberty or scale position.
Dropping to the seat (buttocks) without first bearing weight on the hand or feet – Z-sit.
A person being supported by one or more person(s) in contact with the ground.
Series Front and/or Back Handsprings Multiple front and/or back handsprings performed consecutively by and individual. Shoulder
Roll Shoulder
Sit A stunt in which the flyer’s hips are at the same height they would be if in a shoulder stand.
A stunt which passes through an extended level and lands into a non-extended stunt, often used as a transition.
When a person performs a toe-touch and lands in the a prone position, or push-up position.
Taking off on one leg with the body facing to the front or side and extending both legs, out to the sides, in an open, turned out, side split position – Open Leap.
Taking off from one leg facing to the front then switching (scissor) the leg in the air to an open (side) position while turning to face the front.
The flyer is supported by only one base. A spotter is required for extensions and cradle dismounts.
A single base extending a top person (who is in an upright position having knees forward) by holding both inner thighs as the top person typically performs a high “V” motion, creating an “X” with the body. This is an illegal stunt.
From an elevator or extended stunt, the flyer returns down to the starting position, pushes off of the bases and returns back to the top.
A forward or backwards non-aerial tumbling skill where a person rotates through an inverted position, hips are lifted over the head and shoulders while curving the spine to a create a motion that resembles a ball.
Means over-under; when a person is in releve and fifth position.
Can be a whole or 1/2 turn is excuted by crossing one foot over the other while both feet remaining on the floor.
Forcefully dropping to a split position without first bearing weight on the hands or feet.
Taking off from one leg and making a complete split position in the air and landing on the opposite leg. With the focus fo the motion on going up with the legs turned out and the boy position lifted upright– Jete – Grand Jete.
Flat to the performance floor
with one leg extended forward and the other extended back, behind
performer, in a turned out position with pointed toes. A multiple person stunt involving 2-4 people, the flyer's feet are being held by both hands by at least 2 bases
A person whose primary
responsibility is that protection of another during the performance of
a skill.
A technique for keeping turns (pirouette, fouette, etc.) rotating and centered. Without spotting turns, performer will move out of place.
See Sponge/scrunch Toss.
During the leap, the back leg is in an attitude (bent) turned out or turned in position, or the back leg is in an arabesque (straight) position. While lifting the front foot, it is positioned to the knee of the back leg Stall Physical strength to resist or withstand fatigue; individual(s) or the team does not show fatigue and keeps up the endurance /energy level from the start to the finish of a routine.
A tumbling skill (series of skills) performed from a standing position without any previous forward momentum.
A release move from a stunt to a catching position where no skill (i.e. turn, kick, twist, etc.) is performed
The body position of a top person performing a toss that doesn't involve any trick in the air. It is a straight line position that teaches the top to reach and to obtain maximum height on a toss.
Any skill in which a flyer is supported above the performance surface by one or more persons. Also referred to as a mount. A stunt is determined to be “Single” or “Double” leg by the number of feet that the top person has being supported by a base(s).
The leg in which an individual is standing on while moving the working (opposite) leg.
Bases grab under the flyer's arms and hold to continuously support the flyer during a front flip or back flip dismount.
A roll. Base and partner having hand-to-hand/arm contact all the while having a continuous head-over-heals rotation.
A forward, pushing motion by the base(s) in a controlled manner used to release a partner into a cradle catch.
Beginning as a grande jete'. Taking off from one leg and extending it in the air, beginning to the front with the working leg, through first position, to the back (scissor motion). The opposite leg should should end up extending in front (low). The performer lands on the same leg she/he began with. Creating a full split in the air before landing with the chest lifted and the focus of the jump should be to go up, not forward.
A leap that starts as a grand jete' and then switches to a tilted second position. Working leg is higher than the supporting leg.
A stunt. Standing on the back of the base(s) while the base is leaning forward.
The method in which fundamentals, movements, steps and choreography are handled in proper (technical) form.
The speed, pace and beat of the music.
To stretch the foot from a flat position, whole foot on the floor, to a pointed position, just the toes touching the floor.
A pyramid/stunt. The base(s) and partner(s) lean in the same direction until the partner(s) leave the base(s) without assistance.
A particular subject/idea that is recurrent and consistent throughout the entire performance. Used primarily for the novelty/prop style.
Forcefully dropping to the thighs without first bearing on the hands or feet. Thigh
Stand
When a person goes from an upright position to a forward hip-over-head rotation to a cradle position.
A stunt that is held in a static position on one leg, base(s) take a downward dip and release flyer in an upward fashion, as the flyer switches their weight to the other leg and lands in a static position on their opposite leg. The dip may or may not pass through prep level before released.
When a person performs a jump and the legs and arms hit a diagonal in the air.
To maintain the tempo and choreographed movements simultaneously with the music and/or other performers; in proper tempo and choreography.
When a person rolls over their toes to the ground, their body arches backward and the hands catch their body weight. They go through a hinged position.
A jump. Prepping with both legs in parallel position and extending them out to the side (2nd position), turned out and parallel with the floor with the arms traditionally extended above the toes. The chest is lifted high and feet return to parallel first of a variety of positions. as the arms stretch out to the legs – Russian.
The action of a dancer falling forward, backward, or sideways onto the working leg with a fondu, plie on one leg, from a raised position.
The person on the top of a stunt, pyramid or toss. (a.k.a. Flyer)
A stunt. The partner is standing on one foot, in the hands of he base(s), while turning their lower body to the side and keeping the upper body forward.
An airborne stunt where base(s) execute throwing motion from waist level to increase height of the top person. The top person becomes free from all bases. The top person is free from the performing surface when toss is initiated (ex: basket toss or sponge toss). Note: Toss to hands, toss to extended stunts and toss chair are NOT included in this category.
An airborne stunt where a base(s) execute a throwing motion to increase the height of a flyer. Flyer becomes free from all bases. Flyer is free from performing surface when toss is initiated (example: basket toss or sponge toss). NOTE: Toss to hands and toss chair are not included in this category.
A turning leap to a grand battement position. Stepping off the supporting leg while working leg brushes and extends up and forward. While in the air, the body makes a half-turn and the legs switch position. The new working leg is now extended towards the back while the opposite leg is landing on the floor in plie.
Stunts that are above prep level in which the top person is bearing weight on both feet and both feet are in the hands of the base(s).
Continuous movement between one formation to the next. Moving individuals from one position to another (formation) without interrupting the flow of the routine (smoothly).
A top person moving from one stunt to anther. The transition may involve changing bases, however at least one person at prep level or below must maintain constant contact with the top person.
A flyer moving from one stunt to another. The transition may involve changing bases.
A toss which intentionally requires the bases or catchers to move in a certain direction to catch the top person. (This does not include a quarter turn by the bases in tosses such as kick full.
Same thing as a kick arch except instead of kick it is an arch out of a tuck position.
Taking off from both legs (parallel) in the jump and remaining in a vertical position with the knees tucked up into the chest; bringing the knees tucked up to the chest and tight together.
A position in which the knees and hips are bent and drawn into the chest; the body is bent at the waist.
Any gymnastic or acrobatic skill executed on the performing surface.
A spinning/turning move of the body by rotating or revolving to change in a certain direction (i.e. pivot turn, pencil turn, pirouette, chaine, fouette, etc.).
Turning out the legs and feet from the hip sockets.
A C-Jump led into with a chaine turn. See C-Jump.
Begins with a chaine turn then into a jete and switching legs in the air. Working leg brushes 45 degree forward then back, lifting into a grand jete.
Rotation around the body’s vertical axis.
Mounts that begin with a twisting motion of the op person within the vertical axis (can be as few as ¼ twist up to 2 twisting rotations) that end up either a) in a prep level stunt, b) in a loading position prior to the execution of a stunt, or c) in a fully extended stunt.
Anytime a flyer performs at least one-quarter rotation.
Two And A One Half (1/2) High Pyramid For Level 6 Only: Pyramids higher than 2 ½ body lengths are prohibited. Pyramid height for a “Two and One Half High Pyramid” is measured by body lengths as follows: chairs, thigh stands and shoulder straddles are 1 ½ body lengths; shoulder stands are 2 body lengths; extended stunts (i.e. extension, liberty, etc.) are 2 ½ body lengths. Exception: an extended stunt on top of a thigh stand is allowed.
All top persons must be primarily supported by the base(s) who is in direct weight – bearing contact with the performing surface. Any time a top person is released from their base(s) in a “Pyramid Release Move,” regardless of the height of the release, this top person would be considered “passing above two persons high/” “Passing above two persons high” does not relate to the actual height of the top person but to the number of layers they are connected to.
A stunt where the flyer uses their hands to push off the base(s).
Vertical Axis of the Stunt Group The up and down direction of the top person with a stationary stunt group during stunts and pyramids.
Transition that involves the main top person traveling over (front to back, back to front, or side to side) a bracing top person’s (at prep level) leg. The leg of the bracing top person is extended away from the body and connected (foot to waist) to a third top person at prep level.
Windmill The leg the performer is moving/using at the time is the working leg.
When a person performs a flip and places their arms and legs into an "X" position during the rotation.
Note : Combinations of these movements create an exciting, more difficult move (i.e. turning scale, pike open, etc.) While turning, most movements are technically more difficult (i.e. reverse with complete turn in the air).
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